By 2025, my country's new materials will achieve 10 trillion, and these three directions will definitely explode
Un o'r cyfarwyddiadau deunydd newydd: deunyddiau ysgafn
1. ffibr carbon
Carbon fiber materials are used in aerospace, wind power, sports and leisure, automobiles and other fields with their excellent properties. They are the most widely used and market-oriented materials in the field of new materials, and are known as "the king of new materials". The global carbon fiber market demand has grown rapidly in recent years, and my country has also seized the opportunity to develop into the world's second largest carbon fiber producer.
However, compared with foreign countries, my country's carbon fiber industry still has the problems of low capacity utilization, few high-end products, and difficult application and development. The downstream industry still relies heavily on imported carbon fiber products. In the current international environment, realizing the dual autonomy of carbon fiber scale production and application development is the key to enhancing my country's national defense and manufacturing strength and ensuring the stability of the supply chain.
Carbon fiber is a carbon backbone structure inorganic fiber with a carbon content higher than 90 percent formed by the pyrolysis and carbonization of organic fibers such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (or pitch, viscose) in a high temperature environment, as a high-performance material. Produced in the 1960s.
Mae gan ffibr carbon briodweddau mecanyddol ardderchog a sefydlogrwydd cemegol: fel y ffibr â'r cryfder penodol uchaf (dwysedd penodol cryfder) a'r anystwythder penodol uchaf (dwysedd modwlws penodol) ymhlith y ffibrau perfformiad uchel sy'n fàs ar hyn o bryd{{1} }} wedi'i gynhyrchu, mae ffibr carbon yn rhan bwysig o awyrofod, ynni gwynt Deunyddiau delfrydol ar gyfer llafnau, cerbydau ynni newydd a meysydd eraill sydd â gofynion ysgafn. Mae nodweddion ymwrthedd cyrydiad, ymwrthedd tymheredd uchel a chyfernod ehangu bach yn ei gwneud yn lle deunyddiau metel mewn amgylcheddau garw; yn ogystal, mae'r eiddo dargludedd trydanol a thermol yn ehangu ei gymhwysiad ym maes electroneg cyfathrebu.
Yn ôl nifer y ffilamentau ym mhob bwndel o ffibrau carbon, mae ffibrau carbon yn cael eu rhannu'n ddau gategori yn gyffredinol: tynnu bach a thynnu mawr. Mae gan Small tow berfformiad gwell ond pris uwch, ac fe'i defnyddir yn gyffredinol mewn meysydd technoleg uchel megis diwydiant awyrofod a milwrol, yn ogystal â-nwyddau chwaraeon pen uchel; mae gan dynnu mawr gost is ac fe'i defnyddir yn aml mewn diwydiannau sylfaenol, gan gynnwys adeiladu sifil, cludiant ac offer ynni, ac ati.
Graddfa Capasiti Byd-eang a Disgwyliadau Galw
In 2020, the global carbon fiber operating capacity is 171,650 tons, an increase of 16,750 tons compared with 2019, a growth rate of 10.8 percent . The United States, China, and Japan assumed the main production capacity, accounting for 21.7 percent , 21.1 percent , and 17.0 percent , respectively. At present, the major manufacturers still have about 80,000 tons/year of unfinished expansion plans, which also reflects the manufacturers' optimistic expectations for the industry's prospects.
O ran y galw, pedwar prif ddiwydiant cymhwyso'r farchnad ffibr carbon yw awyrofod, llafnau ynni gwynt, chwaraeon a hamdden, a automobiles. Yn 2020, bydd y pedwar diwydiant i lawr yr afon yn cyfrif am fwy na 70 y cant o'r galw am ffibr carbon a mwy na 76 y cant o'r gwerth allbwn.
Since 2015, the industry estimates that the world's carbon fiber demand has maintained a growth of about 12 percent , but due to the impact of the epidemic, the global demand for carbon fiber in 2020 will total 107,000 tons, an increase of only 3 percent compared to 2019. The total sales amount was about 2.615 billion US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 8.8 percent , mainly due to the slump in the aviation industry caused by the epidemic, which affected the sales of high-value high-performance carbon fiber. The wind power field has become the main driving force for the industry to maintain growth, and the demand for carbon fiber has maintained an annual growth of 20 percent despite the epidemic.
In the short term, the recovery of the world aviation industry and the large-scale laying of wind power equipment in 2021 can bring the carbon fiber market back to the channel of rapid growth. In the long run, the aviation industry needs to digest the excess capacity in 2020, and wind power will continue to be the main driving force for the growth of the carbon fiber market in the future. In October 2020, representatives of more than 400 wind energy companies around the world jointly issued the "Wind Energy Beijing Declaration", planning to add more than 50 million kilowatts of installed capacity in 2020-2025.
Yng nghyd-destun ehangu cynhyrchiad gan gynhyrchwyr ynni gwynt mawr, nid yw cymhwyso ffibr carbon mewn tyrbinau gwynt wedi'i gyflwyno ar raddfa fawr eto, a dim ond cawr ynni gwynt y byd, Vestas, sydd wedi ffurfio- mawr. cais ar raddfa. Wrth i gwmnïau ynni gwynt eraill ddatblygu cymwysiadau ar gyfer cyfansoddion ffibr carbon, mae'r galw am ffibr carbon yn y diwydiant ynni gwynt yn debygol o dyfu'n esbonyddol. Amcangyfrifir erbyn 2025, y bydd cyfanswm y galw am ffibr carbon yn y byd yn fwy na 200,000 tunnell, sy'n cyfateb i gyfradd twf blynyddol o 13.3 y cant.